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pam8001 document number: dsxxxxx rev. 1 - 0 1 of 17 www.diodes.com february 2013 ? diodes incorporated pam8001 a product line o f diodes incorporated anti-saturation filterless 2w class-d stereo amplifier with dc volume control and max output power setting description the pam8001 is a 2w, class-d audio amplifier. advanced 64-step dc volume control minimizes external components and allows speaker volume control. pam uni que anti-saturation technology which detects output signal clip due to t he over level input signal suppress the output signal clip automatically. also control the gain for set max power. it can protect low wattage speaker from overdrive damage even same platform with high wattage model. it offers low thd+n, to produce high-quality sound reproduction. the new filterless architecture allows the device to drive the speaker directly, without low-pass output filters which will save system cost and pcb area. with the same numbers of external components, the efficiency of the pam8001 is much better than class-ab cousins. it can extend the battery life thus be ideal for portable applications. the pam8001 is available in ssop-24l and qfn3*3-20l package. features ? 2w output at 1% thd with a 4 ? load at 5v power supply ? filterless, low quiescent current and low emi ? low thd+n ? 64-step dc volume control ? unique anti-saturation function ? adjustable max output power with no clipping ? superior low noise ? low pop noise ? efficiency up to 90% ? short circuit protection ? thermal shutdown ? few external components to save the space and cost ? pb-free package applications ? lcd monitors / tv projectors ? notebook computers ? portable speakers ? portable dvd players, game machines ? voip/speaker phones ? all in one computer /tv pin assignments
pam8001 document number: dsxxxxx rev. 1 - 0 2 of 17 www.diodes.com february 2013 ? diodes incorporated pam8001 a product line o f diodes incorporated typical applications circuit pin descriptions pin number pin name function qfn3x3 ssop 1 4 -out_l left channel negative output 2 5 pvddl left channel power supply 3 6 mute mute control input (active low) 4 7 vdd analog vdd 5 8 inl left channel input 6 10 vdc analog reference for gain control selection 7 11 volume dc volume control to set the gain of class-d 8 12 anti anti-saturation on/off control 9 14 vdd/2 internal common mode voltage, connect a bypass capacitior form this pin to gnd 10 15 vpl maximum output power setting voltage 11 16 vref reference voltage out for vpl 12 17 inr right channel input 13 18 gnd analog ground 14 19 shdn shutdown control input (active low) 15 20 pvddr right channel power supply 16 21 -out_r right channel negative output 17 22/23 pgndr right channel power gnd 18 24 +out_r right channel positive output 19 1 +out_l left channel positive output 20 2/3 pgndl left channel power gnd 9/13 nc no connection
pam8001 document number: dsxxxxx rev. 1 - 0 3 of 17 www.diodes.com february 2013 ? diodes incorporated pam8001 a product line o f diodes incorporated functional block diagram absolute maximum ratings (@t a = +25c, unless otherwise specified.) these are stress ratings only and functional operation is not implied exposure to absol ute maximum ratings for prolonged time p eriods may affect device reliability. all voltages are with respect to ground. parameter rating unit supply voltage 6.0 v input voltage -0.3 to v dd +0.3 operation junction temperature -40 to +125 c storage temperature -65 to +150 soldering temperature 300, 5sec recommended operating conditions (@t a = +25c, unless otherwise specified.) parameter rating unit supply voltage range 2.5 to 5.5 v junction temperature range -40 to +125 c ambient operation temperature range -20 to +85
pam8001 document number: dsxxxxx rev. 1 - 0 4 of 17 www.diodes.com february 2013 ? diodes incorporated pam8001 a product line o f diodes incorporated thermal information parameter symbol package maximum unit thermal resistance (junction to ambient) ja ssop-24l 96 c/w thermal resistance (junction to ambient) ja qfn3*3-20l 31 c/w electrical characteristics (v dd = 5v, gain = maximum, r l = 8 ? , @t a = +25c, unless otherwise specified.) symbol parameter conditions min typ max unit v dd supply voltage range 2.5 5.5 v i q quiescent current no load 11.5 15 ma v os output offset voltage v in = 0v 20 mv r ds(on) drain-source on-state resistance i ds = 0.5a p mosfet 0.21 ? n mosfet 0.165 p o output power with anti- saturation thd+n <1% f = 1khz, v pl = 1v r l =8 ? 1 w r l = 4 ? 1.9 p o output power without anti- saturation thd+n <10% f = 1khz, v pl = 1.5v r l =8 ? 1.35 1.5 w r l = 4 ? 2.65 2.8 thd+n total harmonic distortion plus noise r l =8 ? , p o = 0.85w, f = 1khz 0.08 % r l = 4 ? , p o = 1.75w, f = 1khz 0.08 psrr power supply ripple rejection input ac-gnd, f = 1khz, v pp = 200mv, gain = 6db 70 db cs channel separation p o = 1w, f = 1khz -85 db f osc oscillator frequency 200 250 300 khz efficiency p o = 1.7w, f = 1khz, r l = 8 ? 85 89 % p o = 3.0w, f = 1khz, r l = 4 ? 80 83 % vn noise input ac-gnd gain = 6db a-weighting 50 v no a-weighting 70 snr signal noise ratio f = 20-20khz, gain = 6db 85 db uvlo under voltage lock-out 2.0 v i mute mute current v mute = 0.3v 4.2 ma i shdn shutdown current v shdn = 0v 1 a v sh shdn input high 1.3 v v sl shdn input low 0.65 v mh mute input high 1.3 v v ml mute input low 0.66 v pl v pl threshold voltage power limit off 1.5 note 1 v v ref v ref voltage v dd = 2.5v to 5.5v 1.2 v i d v ref drive current v dd = 2.5v to 5.5v 150 a otp over temperature protection 150 c oth over temperature hysteresis 30 c note: 1. maximum output power vs. v pl voltage v dd = 5v, r l = 4 ? , t a = +25c vpl (v) 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 >1.5 po (w) 0 0.04 0.11 0.21 0.34 0.50 0.68 0.94 1.28 1.52 1.90 2.15 2.40 2.8
pam8001 document number: dsxxxxx rev. 1 - 0 5 of 17 www.diodes.com february 2013 ? diodes incorporated pam8001 a product line o f diodes incorporated typical operating characteristics (@t a = +25c, unless otherwise specified.)
pam8001 document number: dsxxxxx rev. 1 - 0 6 of 17 www.diodes.com february 2013 ? diodes incorporated pam8001 a product line o f diodes incorporated typical operating characteristics (cont.) (@t a = +25c, unless otherwise specified.)
pam8001 document number: dsxxxxx rev. 1 - 0 7 of 17 www.diodes.com february 2013 ? diodes incorporated pam8001 a product line o f diodes incorporated typical operating characteristics (cont.) (@t a = +25c, unless otherwise specified.)
pam8001 document number: dsxxxxx rev. 1 - 0 8 of 17 www.diodes.com february 2013 ? diodes incorporated pam8001 a product line o f diodes incorporated typical operating characteristics (cont.) (@t a = +25c, unless otherwise specified.)
pam8001 document number: dsxxxxx rev. 1 - 0 9 of 17 www.diodes.com february 2013 ? diodes incorporated pam8001 a product line o f diodes incorporated typical operating characteristics (cont.) (@t a = +25c, unless otherwise specified.) table 1 dc volume control step gain (db) step gain (db) 0 -75 32 11.6 1 -40 33 12.0 2 -34 34 12.4 3 -28 35 12.8 4 -22 36 13.2 5 -16 37 13.6 6 -10 38 14.0 7 -7.5 39 14.4 8 -5.0 40 14.8 9 -2.5 41 15.2 10 0 42 15.6 11 1.5 43 16.0 12 3.0 44 16.4 13 4.0 45 16.8 14 4.4 46 17.2 15 4.8 47 17.6 16 5.2 48 18.0 17 5.6 49 18.4 18 6.0 50 18.8 19 6.4 51 19.2 20 6.8 52 19.6 21 7.2 53 20.0 22 7.6 54 20.4 23 8.0 55 20.8 24 8.4 56 21.2 25 8.8 57 21.6 26 9.2 58 22.0 27 9.6 59 22.4 28 10.0 60 22.8 29 10.4 61 23.2 30 10.8 62 23.6 31 11.2 63 24.0
pam8001 document number: dsxxxxx rev. 1 - 0 10 of 17 www.diodes.com february 2013 ? diodes incorporated pam8001 a product line o f diodes incorporated application information 1. when the pam8001 works with lc filters, it should be connected with the speaker before it's powered on, otherwise it will be damaged easily. 2. when the pam8001 works without lc filters, it's better to add a ferrite chip bead at the outgoing line of speaker for suppre ssing the possible electro magnetic interference. 3. the absolute maximum rating of the pam8001 operation voltage is 6.0v. when the pam8001 is powered with 4 battery cells, it s hould be noted that the voltage of 4 new dry or alkaline batteries is over 6v, higher than its maximum operation voltage, which prob ably make the device damaged. therefore, it's recommended to use either 4 ni-mh (nickel metal hydride) rechargeable batteries or 3 dry or alkaline batteries. 4. the input signal should not be too high, if too high, it will cause the clipping of output signal when increasing the volume . because the dc volume control of the pam8001 has big gain, it will make the device damaged. 5. when testing the pam8001 without lc filters by using resistor instead of speaker as the output load, the test results, e.g. thd or efficiency, will be worse than thos e using speaker as load. test setup for performance testing notes: 1. the ap aux-0025 low pass filter is necessary for class-d amplifier measurement with ap analyzer. 2. two 22 h inductors are used in series with load resistor to emulate the small speake r for efficiency measurement. description of adjustable power limit with anti-saturation adjustable power limit provides agc to the amplifier and limit the maximum output power. the behavior of power limit function showing as below. the power limit control detect output signal amplitude continuously , when the peak output is excis ed limit threshold (setting b y external resistor).control system will decrease the one step gain(typical -0 .5db). then attack time is reset for next gain decrease. the control system will decrease the gain step by step until the peak output signal equal to the threshold level. after these, when the input sign al's amplitude decreased or dc volume control reduced the amplifier's gain or happened together, the control system will calculate the ideal o utput level. when that level lower then limit threshold , the will start to reco very to the original gain (which is setting by dc volume con trol).the first release step is no delay, reset with release time per step.
pam8001 document number: dsxxxxx rev. 1 - 0 11 of 17 www.diodes.com february 2013 ? diodes incorporated pam8001 a product line o f diodes incorporated application information (cont.) variable description typical value unit vpl voltage for power limit voltage, setting by external resistor divider 0.4 to 1.2 v gain range adjustable gain range of power limit and anti-saturation function 75 db gain step size gain step size for adjustable po wer limit and anti-saturation function note 2 db attack time (per step) the minimum time bet ween two gain decrements. (per step) 32 s release time (per step) the minimum time between two gain increments. (per step) 250 ms note: 2. please contact diodes for detail information. anti-saturation function if the preset gain is higher than power se t, anti-saturation is active be detecting the duty cycle of the pwm output. when the mode has been detected, the gain is automatically adjusted to the value that th e output is not clip step by step. the attach is immediate and the release time is 250ms per step. mute operation the mute pin is an input for controlling the output state of t he pam8001. a logic low on this pin disables the outputs, and a l ogic high on this pin enables the outputs. this pin may be us ed as a quick disable or enable of the outputs without a volume fade. quiescent curr ent is listed in the electrical characteristic t able. the mute pin can be left floating due to the internal pull-up shutdown operation in order to reduce power consumption while not in use, the pam 8001 contains shutdown circuitry to turn off amplifier?s bias cir cuitry. the amplifier is turned off when logic low is placed on the shdn pi n. by switching the shdn pin connected to gnd, the pam8001 suppl y current draw will be minimized in idle mode. the shdn pi n can be left floating due to the internal pull-up.
pam8001 document number: dsxxxxx rev. 1 - 0 12 of 17 www.diodes.com february 2013 ? diodes incorporated pam8001 a product line o f diodes incorporated application information (cont.) for the best power on/off pop performance, the amplifier should be placed in the mute mode prior to turning on/off the power supply. power supply decoupling the pam8001 is a high performance cmos audio amplifier that r equires adequate power supply decoupling to ensure the output thd and psrr are as low as possible. power supply decoupling affects low frequency on the power supply leads. for higher frey response, optimum decoupling is achieved by using tw o capacitors of different types that target different types of noise frequency transients, sp ikes, or digital hash on the line, a good low equivalent-series-re sistance (esr) ceramic capacitor, typically 1.0f, placed as close as possible to t he device v dd terminal works best. for filtering lower-frequecny noise signals, a large capacitor of 10f (ceram ic) or greater placed near th e audio power amplifier is recommended. input capacitor (c i ) large input capacitors are both expensive and space hungry for portable des igns. clearly, a certain sized capacitor is needed t o couple in low frequencies without severe attenuation. but in many cases the spea kers used in portable systems, whether internal or external h ave little ability to reproduce signals below 100hz to 150hz. thus , using a large input capacitor may not in crease actual system performance. in t his case, input capacitior (c i ) and input resistance (r i ) of the amplifier form a high-pass filter with the corner frequency determined equation below, i i c r 2 1 fc ? ? in addition to system cost and size, click and pop performance is affected by the size of the input coupling capacitor, c i . a larger input coupling capacitor requires more charge to reach its quiescent dc voltage (nominally ? v dd ). this charge comes from the internal circuit via the feedback and is apt to create pops upon device enable. thus, by mi nimizing the capacitor size based on necessary low frequency response, turn-on pops can be minimized. analog reference bypass capacitor (c byp ) the analog reference bypass capacitor (c byp ) at v dd /2 pin, is the most critical capacitor and se rves several important functions. during start- up or recovery from shutdown mode, c byp determines the rate at which the amplifier st arts up. the second function is to reduce noise produced by the power supply caused by coupling into the output drive signal. the noise is from the internal analog reference t o the amplifier, which appears as degraded psrr and thd+n. a ceramic bypass capacitor (cbyp) of 0.47f to 1.0f is reco mmended for the best thd and noise performance. increasing the bypa ss capacitor reduces clicking and popping noise from power on/off and entering leaving shutdown. under voltage lock-out (uvlo) the pam8001 incorporates circuitry designed to detect when supply vo ltage is low. when the supply voltage drops to 1.8v or belo w, the pam8801 outputs are disabled and the device comes out of th is state and states to normal fucntional once v dd 2.0v. short circuit protection (scp) the pam8001 has short circuit protection ci rcuitry on the outputs that prevents the device from damage when output-to-output an d output-to- gnd short. when a short circuit is detected on the outputs, the out puts are disabled immediately. if the short was removed, the device activates again. over temperature protection thermal protection on the pam8001 prevents the device from damage w hen the internal die temperature exceeds 150c. there is a 1 5 degree tolerance on this trip point from device to device. once the die temperature exc eeds the thermal set point, the device outputs are disabled. this is not a latched fault. the thermal fault is cleared once the temper ature of the die is reduced by 30c. this large hysteresis will prevent motor boating sound well. the device begins normal operation at th is point without external system interaction.
pam8001 document number: dsxxxxx rev. 1 - 0 13 of 17 www.diodes.com february 2013 ? diodes incorporated pam8001 a product line o f diodes incorporated application information (cont.) how to reduce emi (electro magnetic interference) a simple solution is to put an additional capacitor 1000uf at powe r supply terminal for power line coupling if the traces from amplifier to speakers are short (<20cm). most applications require a ferrite bead filter as shown at fi gure 1. the ferrite filter reduces emi around 1 mhz and higher. w hen selecting a ferrite bead, choose one with high impedance at high frequenc ies, and low impedance at low frequencies (mh2012hm221-t). figure 1 ferrite bead filter to reduce emi pcb layout guidelines grounding at this stage it is paramount to notice the necessity of s eparate grounds. noise currents in the output power stage need to be returned to output noise ground and nowhere else. were these currents to circulate elsewhere, they may get into the power supply, the signal groun d, etc, worse yet, they may form a loop and radiate noise. any of these case s results in degraded amplifier performance. the logical returns for the output noise currents associated with class-d swit ching are the respective pg nd pins for each channel. t he switch state diagram illust rates that pgnd is instrumental in nearly every switch state. this is the perfect point to which the output noise ground trace should retu rn. also note that output noise ground is channel specific. a two channel amplifier has two seperate channels and consequently must have two seper ate output noise ground traces. the layout of the pam8001 offers separate pgnd connections for each channel and in some cases each side of the bridge. output noise grounds must be tied to system ground at the power in exclusively. signal cu rrents for the inputs, referen ce, etc need to be returned to quite ground. this ground is only tied to the signal components and the gnd pin, and gnd then tied to system ground . pcb layout example figure 2 top layer
pam8001 document number: dsxxxxx rev. 1 - 0 14 of 17 www.diodes.com february 2013 ? diodes incorporated pam8001 a product line o f diodes incorporated ordering information part number package type standard package PAM8001NHR ssop-24l 2500 units/tape & reel pam8001xhr qfn3*3-20l 2500 units/tape & reel marking information
pam8001 document number: dsxxxxx rev. 1 - 0 15 of 17 www.diodes.com february 2013 ? diodes incorporated pam8001 a product line o f diodes incorporated package outline dimensions (all dimensions in mm.)
pam8001 document number: dsxxxxx rev. 1 - 0 16 of 17 www.diodes.com february 2013 ? diodes incorporated pam8001 a product line o f diodes incorporated package outline dimensions (cont.) (all dimensions in mm.)
pam8001 document number: dsxxxxx rev. 1 - 0 17 of 17 www.diodes.com february 2013 ? diodes incorporated pam8001 a product line o f diodes incorporated important notice diodes incorporated makes no warranty of any kind, express or implied, with regards to this document, including, but not limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose (and their equivalents under the laws of any jurisdiction). diodes incorporated and its subsidiaries reserve the right to ma ke modifications, enhancements, im provements, corrections or ot her changes without further notice to this document and any product described herein. diodes incorporated does not assume any liability ari sing out of the application or use of this document or any product described herein; neither does diodes incorporated convey any license under its patent or trademark rights, nor the rights of others. any customer or us er of this document or products described herein in such applica tions shall assume all risks of such use and will agree to hold diodes incorporat ed and all the companies whose products are represented on diodes incorporated website, harmless against all damages. diodes incorporated does not warrant or accept any liability wh atsoever in respect of any products purchased through unauthoriz ed sales channel. should customers purchase or use diodes inco rporated products for any unintended or unauthorized application, customers shall i ndemnify and hold diodes incorporated and its representat ives harmless against all claims, damages, expenses, and attorney fees arising out of, directly or indirectly, any claim of personal injury or death a ssociated with such unintended or unauthorized application. products described herein may be covered by one or more united states, international or foreign patents pending. product names and markings noted herein may also be covered by one or more united states, international or foreign trademarks. this document is written in english but may be translated into mu ltiple languages for reference. only the english version of t his document is the final and determinative format released by diodes incorporated. life support diodes incorporated products are specifically not authorized for use as critical comp onents in life support devices or systems without the express written approval of the chief executive offi cer of diodes incorporated. as used herein: a. life support devices or syst ems are devices or systems which: 1. are intended to implant into the body, or 2. support or sustain life and whose failure to perform when proper ly used in accordance with inst ructions for use provided in the labeling can be reasonably expected to result in significant injury to the user. b. a critical component is any component in a life support devic e or system whose failure to perform can be reasonably expect ed to cause the failure of the life support device or to affect its safety or effectiveness. customers represent that they have all necessary expertise in the safety and regulatory ramifications of their life support dev ices or systems, and acknowledge and agree that they are solely responsible for all legal, regulatory and safety-related requirements concerning the ir products and any use of diodes incorporated products in such safety-critica l, life support devices or systems, notwithstanding any devices- or systems-related information or support that may be provided by diodes incorporated. further, customers must fully indemnify diodes incorporate d and its representatives against any damages arising out of the use of diodes incorporated products in such safety-critical, life suppor t devices or systems. copyright ? 2013, diodes incorporated www.diodes.com

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